*Birth: Hep B
* 1 mo: Hep B
* 2 mo: DTaP , Hib, Pneumococcal, Polio, Rotavirus
* 4 mo: DTaP , Hib, Pneumococcal, Polio, Rotavirus
* 6 mo: DTaP , Hib, Pneumococcal, Influenza, Rotavirus
*12 mo: Hib, MMR, Pneumococcal, Varicella
*15 mo: DTaP
* 6 to 18 mo: Hep B, Polio
*12 to 18 mo: Hep A
Hep B: (Hepatitis B) B型肝炎
Why:藉由血液跟體液傳染,會垂直感染,寶寶感染後會發展成嚴重的肝病
When: At Birth, between 1 and 2 months, and between 6 to 18 months
Side effects: pain, redness, and tenderness at injection site
DTaP: (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis)白喉, 破傷風, 百日咳三合一疫苗
Why: About 5% babies infected with diphtheria, an extremely contagious(接觸感染)bacterial disease, dies from suffocation(窒息) heart failure or suffers paralysis(麻痺). The illness causes a thick coating to form on the back of the throat that makes it hard to swallow and breathe. Tetanus (lockjaw) results from certain bacteria (sometimes found in soil) entering the baby through a cut or wound, causing painful spasms(痙攣) and muscle stiffness(僵硬). The initial symptoms of pertussis (whooping cough) are similar to those for the common cold: sneezing, running nose, low-grade fever, and cough. Pertussis is most serious for babies, who can suffer seizures, develop pneumonia, become brain damaged, or even die. Approximately two thirds of infants under 1 who get pertussis need to be hospitalized.
When: 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 15~18 months.
Side effects: pain, redness, and tenderness at injection site; drowsiness(愛睏); fussiness
Hib: (haemophilus influenzae type b) 侵襲性b型流感嗜血桿菌
Why: Before the vaccine was introduced in 1987, Hib disease was leading cause of meningitis, usually striking kids younger than 5, and was responsible for more than 400 deaths every year in the United States.
When: 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 12~15 months.
Side effects: pain, redness, and tenderness at injection site; mild fever
中文資料:Hib就是B型流感嗜血桿菌，這種細菌的培養環境需要血液，它可以引起兒童嚴重的感染，如腦膜炎、敗血癥、肺炎以及中耳炎、會厭炎等。Hib感染主要見于1歲以下小兒。HIB不僅可引起小兒肺炎，還可引起小兒腦膜炎、敗血癥、脊髓炎、中耳炎、心包炎等嚴重疾病，是引起小兒嚴重細菌感染的主要致病菌。其中腦膜炎占Hib感染的2/3，之中3～5%死亡，15～35%留有神經系統后遺癥。
Pneumococcal: 肺炎球菌
Why: Pneumococcal disease is a bacterial infection that can cause blood infections (sepsis敗血症), pneumonia(肺炎), and meningitis(腦膜炎). Before kids started getting vaccinated 10 years ago, thousands suffered permanent hearing or vision loss or died due to Pneumococcal disease.
When: 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 12~15 months.
Side effects: pain, redness, and tenderness at injection site; mild fever
Polio: 小兒麻痺症
Why: Polio is an extremely contagious(接觸傳染) virus that leads to paralysis(麻痺) in about 1 in 100 cases.
When: 2 months, 4 months, 6~18 months.
Side effects: Slight pain, redness, and tenderness at injection site
Rotavirus: 輪狀病毒
Why: 秋冬常見因輪狀病毒感染而引起的腸胃炎，嘔吐、腹瀉、發燒是輪狀病毒的三大症狀，輪狀病毒是造成嬰幼兒腹瀉(diarrhea)最主要的原因之一，病童有可能三種症狀輪流出現，但也有病童只會出現嘔吐或腹瀉的單一症狀。與其它疾病不同的是，輪狀病毒的嘔吐或腹瀉症狀通常很劇烈，幼童有可能在半天的時間內即連續嘔吐3-4次，或一天內拉肚子次數超過10次，便樣呈水狀，形似蛋花湯，且有嚴重的酸味。6-24個月嬰幼兒為輪狀病毒高危險群。感染輪狀病毒的初起徵狀通常為發熱和嘔吐，隨後出現腹瀉及肚子痛。這些徵狀會在感染病毒1至3天後出現。腹瀉可持續4至8天之久。如腹瀉及或嘔吐嚴重和頻密，會令幼童脫水(dehydration)；如不醫治，或會致命。此外，接觸受感染幼童的糞便，例如處理尿布，便很容易傳播輪狀病毒。
預防:經常使用肥皂洗手，則最能防止輪狀病毒傳播出現腹瀉和嘔吐的小孩，不應到與其他幼兒接觸，直至腹瀉和嘔吐停止48小時後為止。
When: 2 months, 4 months, 6 months
Side effects: None
所有資料來源:American Baby Magazine January 2011 p53~56
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